PILOT HEAT AND MASS EXCHANGE EQUIPMENT FOR COMPLEX PROCESSING OF PLANT WASTE INTO BIOFUEL AND BY-PRODUCTS
Abstract
The article presents pilot heat and mass exchange equipment for complex processing of plant waste from agricultural production into solid (lignin) and liquid (bioethanol) biofuel and by-products. The design and principle of operation of the equipment are described. The results of research on delignification of wheat straw at a pilot plant are presented.
The most significant source of biomass is wood and agricultural crops. The experience of a number of productions, in particular hydrolysis, allows solving the problem of the profitability of processing organic biomass by means of its deep complex processing with obtaining components, the cost of which exceeds the cost of the original organic raw materials, such as fuel.
The main results of the complex processing of organic raw materials are increasingly energy-containing products, namely bioethanol and hydrolyzed lignin, which have energy characteristics comparable to fossil fuels.
One of the stages of bioethanol production is the hydrolysis stage, which consists of the pretreatment of raw materials before hydrolysis and direct hydrolysis (acidic or enzymatic).
Pretreatment is a necessary step, especially for enzymatic hydrolysis, since the presence of lignin and hemicellulose in the raw material prevents the access of hydrolytic enzymes to the surface of cellulose fibers.
The aim of the work was to create innovative energy-efficient, ecological, economically attractive equipment and technologies that will allow improving the process of complex processing of plant waste from agricultural production and the forestry industry into biofuel and by-products.
One of the ways to increase the efficiency of complex processing of lignocellulosic raw materials is the introduction of equipment that allows increasing the degree of transformation of raw materials into main and by-products and is energy efficient. An example of equipment that significantly intensifies heat and mass transfer in liquid multicomponent mixtures is a rotor-pulsation apparatus, which is an effective device in technologies related to mixing, homogenization, dispersion, etc.
The pilot plant consists of a receiving container with a jacket and a recirculation pump, a container for raw materials, a vibrodosimeter, a rotor-pulsation apparatus (further RPA), a stuffing box, a console with a bearing box, a coupling, an electric motor, a water supply system, adjustable and shut-off valves, devices control, power supply, and control systems.
The paper presents research data on delignification of wheat straw in the pilot plant under the following conditions: the content of solid in the alkaline suspension of wheat straw was 10% by weight; processing temperature - 90ºC; alkali concentration (NaOH) 4%; rotor rotation speed – 47.75 rev/s; dispersity of wheat straw cut in the range of 100...400 microns, duration of processing - 1 hour.
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