STUDY OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER PROCESSES DURING DRYING OF PROTEIN-CAROTENE-CONTAINING MATERIALS
Abstract
Today, the issue of preserving functional elements and reducing energy consumption during food drying is a major concern. At the same time, drying is a complex energy-intensive process. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop and implement modern energy-efficient thermal technologies that reduce energy consumption for drying processes and preserve micro and macro elements in the dry product.
Carotenoids, which are classified as antioxidants, are the most common biologically active substances. They represent a significant potential in the food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. Carotenoids are a class of terpenoid pigments that are mainly responsible for the bright yellow, orange and red colours of plant fruits and flowers.
One of the most common carotenoids in Ukraine is carrot. It is widely cultivated around the world due to its rich content of vitamins, minerals, fibre and antioxidant properties. Carrots are seasonal products and have a shelf life that can be extended by preservation, namely drying.
Carotenoids are best converted to retinol when the diet contains sufficient amounts of easily digestible protein and fat. Therefore, it was advisable to create carotene-containing powders that would contain a full range of these compounds.
The aim of the study is to investigate the drying of protein-carotene mixtures to reduce the duration and maintain quality.
In this work, we have studied the drying of protein-carotene-containing raw materials based on carrots and soybeans on an experimental convection stand.
From the studies conducted, it can be concluded that the optimal drying mode should be the mode at which the temperature of the material does not exceed 70 °C - 80 °C. Therefore, it is advisable to use a 100/80°C step mode or 80°C mode.
The dependencies of the drying optimisation criterion Rb = f(W) were constructed. The processing of experimental data has shown that the drying optimisation criterion does not depend on the speed and moisture content of the coolant, but is determined only by the thermal regime of drying. The dependence of the drying optimisation coefficient on the moisture content of the material was investigated, which made it possible to determine the optimal modes for drying a protein-carotene mixture.
The values of the heat flux density for different temperature conditions were calculated.
The obtained dependence of the heat transfer coefficient during drying on the moisture content shows that drying at high temperatures compared to 80 °C is not advisable.
The results of the heat transfer calculation showed that it is best to use step modes of 100/80 and 80 °C.
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