ТECHNOLOGY AND HEAT-AND-MASS TRANSFER EQUIPMENT FOR THE INTEGRATED PROCESSING OF SUGAR BEET PULP INTO FUEL, ENERGY AND PECTIN-CONTAINING PRODUCTS
Abstract
The article analyzes existing technologies and equipment for the complex processing of sugar beet pulp into fuel and energy and pectin-containing products, establishes their advantages and disadvantages. In order to optimize the process of obtaining pectin from sugar beet pulp, heat and mass exchange equipment operating on the principle of discrete-pulse energy input (DPEI) is recommended.
Sugar beet pulp is one of the main by-products of sugar production. In Europe, about 20 million tons of pulp are produced per year, and its most widespread use is in feeding farm animals. The value of the pulp is due not only to the microelement composition, but also to the presence of pectin substances. According to literature data, the pulp contains the following main components: 20-30 % cellulose, 15-20 % hemicellulose, 20-30 % pectin and 10-15 % protein. Due to this composition, obtaining such high-value products from beet pulp as pectin and fuel bioethanol may be relevant within the framework of a closed-loop economy.
The process of extracting pectin substances is quite complex and consists of two interrelated stages: hydrolysis of protopectin and extraction of pectin into a solution. Pectin hydrolysis-extraction technologies are carried out under strict technological conditions using chemical technologies (acid hydrolysis: hydrochloric acid concentration – 1.5 %, hydromodule 1:15, temperature 75-900 ºС, duration of 2-3 hours). The process is characterized by a low degree of extraction and disruption of the pectin structure, which is harmful and dangerous. In addition, spent solutions of mineral acids and other hydrolyzing agents, by-products and steam condensates are potential sources of environmental pollution. To carry out the hydrolysis process – extraction of sugar beet pulp to obtain pectin at the Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine a fundamentally new type of pulsation-type extractor has been created, in which, for the first time, a combined hydrodynamic device, which includes a Venturi nozzle, has been applied for enhance cavitation effects.
In order to optimize the process of obtaining pectin from sugar beet pulp, heat and mass exchange equipment operating on the principle of discrete-pulse energy input (DPEI) is recommended. After the removal of pectin, the pulp contains up to 95-97 % cellulose and practically does not contain undesirable accompanying substances (lignin, hemicellulose). In this form, the pulp is a valuable raw material for obtaining fuel bioethanol.
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