ANALYTICAL STUDIES OF THE INITIATION OF CAVITATION EFFECTS IN THE PULSATION EXTRACTOR WITH THE COMBINED HYDRODYNAMIC DEVICE
Abstract
It was established that today there is no clear theoretical basis for understanding the possibilities and limitations of the application of cavitation devices in solving specific problems. Analytical studies were carried out with the aim of determining additional methods of intensification of cavitation effects in a pulsation extractor operating in the mode of a cavitation reactor. The conditions for the occurrence of cavitation effects in a pulsating extractor with a combined hydrodynamic device have been clarified. The principle of operation of a pulsation extractor with a combined hydrodynamic device is considered, in which a powerful complex of cavitation mechanisms is initiated, which allows processing a variety of raw materials with a wide range of properties with relatively low energy consumption. The model of hydrodynamic processes in a cavitation-type pulsating extractor was taken as a basis, which made it possible to obtain calculated changes over time in the pressure of the liquid at the control points of the pipe at different stages of the process. The analysis of the initiation of cavitation effects is made on the basis of the described one-dimensional flow of liquid compressible in a pipe behind an instantaneously closed diaphragm, as well as in the constriction of a Venturi nozzle. It is shown that the formation and growth of cavitation bubbles occurs at the stage of rarefaction, and their collapse occurs at the stage of compression. It has been established that fulfillment of the criteria for the efficiency of the cavitation effect ensures the emergence and subsequent destruction of a cavitation cluster, which in the course of its development significantly intensifies the mass exchange processes at the macro level and accelerates the extraction of active components from the cells of plant raw materials.
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