BIOETHANOL AS A STRATEGICALLY IMPORTANT FACTOR IN ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY OF UKRAINE
Keywords:
gasoline-alcohol mixtures, biofuel, bioethanol, bioenergy, renewable energy sources, decarbonization, discrete-pulse energy input, intensification of heat and mass transfer processes, rotary-pulsation apparatus.
Abstract
The article provides a review of literature on the problem of improving motor fuels by adding bioethanol to gasoline with subsequent cavitation treatment of this mixture. A review and analysis of literature data on the processing of lignocellulosic raw materials and its waste into fuel bioethanol and the possibility of its use in a mixture with gasoline for internal combustion engines in the conditions of the Ukrainian economy are conducted. The use of rotary-pulsation devices developed at the Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine for mixing and homogenizing gasoline-alcohol solutions in order to increase their stability and prevent stratification is proposed.
The most common is the addition of bioethanol to gasoline in concentrations of 5, 10 and 15 %, which does not affect the operation of the internal combustion engine and allows significantly reducing exhaust emissions.
The main difficulty in the production of second-generation bioethanol lies in the conversion of lignocellulosic raw materials, which involves the separation of cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose. The Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine has proposed innovative heat and mass exchange equipment to intensify this process.
The other problem of the full use of bioethanol in the preparation of fuel mixtures (gasoline-bioethanol) is their stratification during long-term storage. The literature suggests the use of various types of cavitation devices to solve this problem. The Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine has developed a special design of a rotary-pulsation apparatus (RPA) designed for mixing and homogenizing gasoline-alcohol solutions in order to increase their stability and prevent stratification.
Given the important role of bioethanol, it is advisable to adopt legislative initiatives that will have a simultaneous positive effect on several sectors of the economy. This will reduce the state's dependence on energy imports, increase the potential of the agricultural sector, provide additional impetus to the processing industry, and strengthen Ukraine's position in achieving environmental aims.
References
1. Geletukha, G.G., Zheliezna, T.A., Drahniev, S.V. and Kucheruk, P.P. (2023). Prospects for the production of advanced biofuels in Ukraine. Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, 76(3), 71–82, https://doi.org/10.33070/etars.3.2023.06.
2. Hontaruk, Ya. and Shevchuk, H. (2022). Napriamy vdoskonalennia vyrobnytstva ta pererobky produktsii APK na biopalyvo [Directions for improving the production and processing of agricultural products into biofuels]. Ekonomika ta suspilstvo [Economy and Society], 36, https://doi.org/10.32782/2524-0072/2022-36-8.
3. Honcharuk, I.V., Yemchyk, T.V., Kupchuk, I.M., Telekalo, N.V., Gontaruk, Ya.V. (2022). Napriamy vdoskonalennia vyroshchuvannia ta pererobky kukurudzy na biopalyvo [Directions of improving the cultivation and processing of corn for biofuels]. Tavriiskyi naukovyi visnyk [Taurida Scientific Herald], 125, 25–32, https://doi.org/10.32851/2226- 0099.2022.125.4.
4. Zakon Ukrainy «Pro alternatyvni palyva» № 1391-XIV [Law of Ukraine "On Alternative Fuels"]. (2025). available at: https://za- kon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1391-14#Text.
5. Zakon Ukrainy «Pro vnesennia zmin do deiakykh zakoniv Ukrainy shchodo oboviazkovosti vykorystannia ridkoho biopalyva (biokomponentiv) u haluzi transportu» vid 04.06.2024 № 3356-d [Law of Ukraine "On Amendments to Certain Laws of Ukraine Regarding the Mandatory Use of Liquid Biofuels (Biocomponents) in the Transport Sector" dated 04.06.2024 No. 3356-d], available at: hhttps://ips.ligazakon.net/document/JI03586I?an =6&scop=78&fcop=209.
6. Sosida S.V. (2024). Polipshennia palyvnoi ekonomichnosti dvyhuna z iskrovym zapaliuvanniam pry vykorystanni spyrtovmisnoi dobavky do benzynu: dys. d-ra filosofii u haluzi 14 Elektr. inzheneriia [Improving the fuel efficiency of a spark-ignition engine when using an alcohol-containing additive to gasoline: PhD thesis in the field of 14 Electrical engineering], Kyiv, 240 p.
7. Polyashenko, S., Gasenko, D. (2022). Vykorystannya bioetanolu yak alʹternatyvnoho dzherela enerhiyi [Using bioeth-anol as an alternative energy source]. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference “Automobile Transport in the Agricultural Sector: Planning, Design and Technological Operation”, 157-158.
8. Fahrenbruch, A. and Bachmann, J. Ethanol Sensors for Flex Fuel Operation. MTZ Worldwide. 2008. 69(9). 46–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03227915.
9. Citroen C4 BioFlex brings ethanol to Europe. URL: https://www.carsales.com.au/editorial/details/citroen-c4-bioflex-brings- ethanol-to-europe-4827/.
10. Bioetanol: praktyka ta zastosuvannya. Dosvid UTC [Bioethanol: Practice and Application. UTC Experience]. https://uabio.org/. 01.10.2020. URL: https://uabio.org/materials/8798/.
11. John Deere rozroblyaye mulʹtypalyvnyy dvyhun. Ahrarnyy rynok [John Deere is developing a multi-fuel engine. Agricultural market]. 22.09.2022 URL: https://news.finance.ua/ua/john-deere-rozroblyaye-mul-typalyvnyy- dvyhun.
12. Boichenko, S.V., Pavlyukh, L.I., Shkilnyuk, I.O. (2019). Analiz ekolohichnykh vlastyvostey komponentiv tradytsiynykh alʹternatyvnykh aviatsiynykh benzyniv [Analysis of ecological properties of components of traditional alternative aviation gasoline]. Science-based technologies, 2(42), 195–206. https://doi.org/10.18372/2310-5461.42.13752. (in Ukr.)
13. Milotsky, V.V., Ganza, S.N. (2016). Sposib pidvyshchennya oktanovoho chysla hazokondensatnykh i naftovykh pryamohonnykh benzyniv [Method of increasing octane number of gas condensate and oil straight gasoline]. Journal of the Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University, 14(203), 85–88. (in Ukr.)
14. Boichenko, S.V., Boichenko, M.S., Lymachenko, O.G., Kaban, S.M. (2015). Vplyv dobavok alifatychnykh spyrtiv na vlastyvosti benzyniv: analitychnyy ohlyad [Influence of aliphatic alcohol additives on gasoline properties: analytical]. Science-based technologies, 1(25), 86-92. (in Ukr.)
15. Drozdnik, I.D., Miroshnichenko, D.V., Shmeltser, E.O., Kormer, M.V., Pyshyev, S.V. Investigation of possible losses of coal raw materials during its technological preparation for coking Message 2. The actual mass variation of coal in the process of its storage and crushing. Petroleum and Coal. 2019. Vol. 61, P 631–637.
16. Kolisnyk, M. Bioetanol: palyvo, syrovyna, ekolohichna ta prodovolʹcha bezpeka [Bioethanol: fuel, raw material, environmental and food safety] (21.06.2023). URL: https://epravda.com.ua/columns/2023/06/21/701427/. (in Ukr.)
17. Boychenko, S., Laneckiy, V., Chernyak, L., Radomska, M., Kondakova, O. Doslidzhennya vplyvu kavitatsiynoyi obrobky na oktanove chyslo benzynu [Research of cavitation influence on automobile gasoline octane number]. Power engineering: economics, technique, ecology. 2017. № 2. С. 107–114.
18. Tselishchev, O.B., Loriya, M.G., Zakharov I.I. (2011). Analiz fizyko-khimichnykh metodiv otrymannya hidroksylʹnoho radykala [Analysis of physicochemical methods of obtaining hydro-strong radical]. Bulletin of the National Technical University "KhPI", 65. 111-124. (in Ukr.)
19. Bray, V.V., Shchutsky, I.V. (2016). Bioethanol in Ukraine. Bulletin of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 6, 71-76. https://doi.org/10.15407/visn2016.06.071. (in Ukr.)
20. Tselishchev, O., Ijagbuji, A., Loriia,, M., Nosach V. Synthesis of methanol from methane in cavitation field. Chemistry and chemical technology. 2018. Vol. 12. № 1. Р. 69–73. https://doi.org/10.23939/chcht12.01.069.
21. Tselischev, O.B., Loriya, M.G., Nosakh, V.A. (2016). Doslidzhennya kavitatsiynoho sposobu peretvorennya motornykh palyv [Investigation of the cavitation method of conversion of motor fuels]. Technological audit and production reserves, 4(4), 26-32. (in Ukr.)
22. Tselishchev, O.B, Loriya, M.G. (2017). Doslidzhennia kavitatsiinoi obrobky motornykh palyv [Research on cavitation treatment of motor fuels]. In S. V. Boichenko (Ed.), Problemy khimotolohii. Teoriia ta praktyka ratsionalnoho vykorystannia tradytsiinykh i alternatyvnykh palyvno- mastylnykh materialiv [Research of cavitation processing of motor fuels. Problems of chemotology. The theory and practice of rational use of traditional and alternative fuels and lubricants]: Monohrafii. Kyiv: Tsentr navchalnoi literatury, 29–32.
23. Tselishchev, O.B, Loriya, M.G., Boichenko, S.V., Yelisieiev, P.I., Matvieieva, I.V. (2018). Doslidzhennya vplyvu peroksydu vodnyu na peretvorennya vuhlevodniv v kavitatsiynomu reaktori [Investigation of the influence of hydrogen peroxide on the transformation of hydrocarbons in a cavitation reactor]. Questions of chemistry and chemical technology, 6, 148- 158. https://doi.org/10.32434/0321-4095-2018-121-6-148-158. (in Ukr.)
24. Pyshyev, S., Prysiazhnyi, Y., Shved, M., Kułażyński, M., Miroshnichenko, D. (2018). Effect of hydrodynamic parameters on the oxidative desulphurisation of low rank coal. International Journal of Coal Science and Technology, 5(2), P 213–229. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40789-018- 0205-6. (in Ukr.)
25. Obodovych, О.М., Tselen, B.Ya., Stepanova, O.Ye., Nedbailo, A.Ye., Bulii, Yu.V. (2024). Tekhnolohiya ta obladnannya dlya oderzhannya universalʹnoho vodovuhilʹnoho palyva [Technology and equipment for obtaining of universal hydrocarbon fuel]. Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, 1, 13–18. https://doi.org/10.33070/etars.l.2024.02. (in Ukr.)
26. ObodovychО., Bulii, Y., Sydorenko, V., Stepanova, O., & Tselen, B. (2025). Vplyv kompleksnoyi hidromekhanichnoyi obrobky na dyspersnistʹ roslynnoyi syrovyny v tekhnolohiyi otrymannya palyvnoho etanolu [Influence of complex hydromechanical treatment on the dispersion of plant raw material in the technology of obtaining fuel ethanol]. Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, 84(3), 129–137. https://doi.org/10.33070/etars.3.2025.10. (in Ukr.)
27. Myronchuk, V., Obodovych, O., Stepanova, O., Gavva, O., Volodin, S., & Tselen, B. (2025). Discrete-pulse energy input method for preretreatment of corn stalk in bioethanol production. Ukrainian Food Journal, 14(2), 342–353. https://doi.org/10.24263/2304-974X-2025-14-2-11.
28. Oleksandr M. Obodovych, Nataliia M. Fialko, Larysa A. Sablii, Olesya Ye. Stepanova, Bogdan Ya. Tselen. (2025). Intensification of hydrolysis of wheat straw polysaccharides with diluted acids due to new heat and mass transfer equipment. Acta Periodica Technologica. 2025. APTEFF, Issue 56, 461–471. https://doi.org/10.2298/APT250708031O.
29. Obodovych, O., Khomenko, V., Sheiko, T., Chernyavskiy, K., & Parchenko, V. (2025). Konversiya lihnotselyuloznoyi biomasy z otrymannyam biopalyva [Conversion of lignocellulous biomass to produce biofuel]. Thermophysics and Thermal Power Engineering, 50(4), 105-116. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31472/ttpe.4.2025.11. (in Ukr.)
30. Obodovych, O., Tselen, B., Ivanytskyi, G., Khomenko, V., & Pereiaslavtsev, O. (2025). Tekhnolohiya ta teplomasoobminne obladnannya dlya kompleksnoyi pererobky buryakovoho zhomu v palyvno-enerhetychni ta pektynovmisni produkty [Тechnology and heat-and-mass transfer equipment for the integrated processing of sugar beet pulp into fuel, energy and pectin- containing products]. Thermophysics and Thermal Power Engineering, 50(4), 38-48. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31472/ttpe.4.2025.4. (in Ukr.)
31. Obodovych, О., Tselen, B., Stepanova, O., Nedbailo, A., & Bulii, Y. (2025). Doslidzhennya reolohichnykh pokaznykiv vodomazutnykh emulʹsiy v zalezhnosti vid tekhnichnykh zasobiv ta tekhnolohichnykh parametriv yikh pryhotuvannya [Research of the rheological indicators of water-oil emulsions depending on the technical equipment and the technological parameters of their preparation]. Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, 83(2), 69–78. https://doi.org/10.33070/etars.2.2025.06. (in Ukr.)
2. Hontaruk, Ya. and Shevchuk, H. (2022). Napriamy vdoskonalennia vyrobnytstva ta pererobky produktsii APK na biopalyvo [Directions for improving the production and processing of agricultural products into biofuels]. Ekonomika ta suspilstvo [Economy and Society], 36, https://doi.org/10.32782/2524-0072/2022-36-8.
3. Honcharuk, I.V., Yemchyk, T.V., Kupchuk, I.M., Telekalo, N.V., Gontaruk, Ya.V. (2022). Napriamy vdoskonalennia vyroshchuvannia ta pererobky kukurudzy na biopalyvo [Directions of improving the cultivation and processing of corn for biofuels]. Tavriiskyi naukovyi visnyk [Taurida Scientific Herald], 125, 25–32, https://doi.org/10.32851/2226- 0099.2022.125.4.
4. Zakon Ukrainy «Pro alternatyvni palyva» № 1391-XIV [Law of Ukraine "On Alternative Fuels"]. (2025). available at: https://za- kon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1391-14#Text.
5. Zakon Ukrainy «Pro vnesennia zmin do deiakykh zakoniv Ukrainy shchodo oboviazkovosti vykorystannia ridkoho biopalyva (biokomponentiv) u haluzi transportu» vid 04.06.2024 № 3356-d [Law of Ukraine "On Amendments to Certain Laws of Ukraine Regarding the Mandatory Use of Liquid Biofuels (Biocomponents) in the Transport Sector" dated 04.06.2024 No. 3356-d], available at: hhttps://ips.ligazakon.net/document/JI03586I?an =6&scop=78&fcop=209.
6. Sosida S.V. (2024). Polipshennia palyvnoi ekonomichnosti dvyhuna z iskrovym zapaliuvanniam pry vykorystanni spyrtovmisnoi dobavky do benzynu: dys. d-ra filosofii u haluzi 14 Elektr. inzheneriia [Improving the fuel efficiency of a spark-ignition engine when using an alcohol-containing additive to gasoline: PhD thesis in the field of 14 Electrical engineering], Kyiv, 240 p.
7. Polyashenko, S., Gasenko, D. (2022). Vykorystannya bioetanolu yak alʹternatyvnoho dzherela enerhiyi [Using bioeth-anol as an alternative energy source]. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference “Automobile Transport in the Agricultural Sector: Planning, Design and Technological Operation”, 157-158.
8. Fahrenbruch, A. and Bachmann, J. Ethanol Sensors for Flex Fuel Operation. MTZ Worldwide. 2008. 69(9). 46–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03227915.
9. Citroen C4 BioFlex brings ethanol to Europe. URL: https://www.carsales.com.au/editorial/details/citroen-c4-bioflex-brings- ethanol-to-europe-4827/.
10. Bioetanol: praktyka ta zastosuvannya. Dosvid UTC [Bioethanol: Practice and Application. UTC Experience]. https://uabio.org/. 01.10.2020. URL: https://uabio.org/materials/8798/.
11. John Deere rozroblyaye mulʹtypalyvnyy dvyhun. Ahrarnyy rynok [John Deere is developing a multi-fuel engine. Agricultural market]. 22.09.2022 URL: https://news.finance.ua/ua/john-deere-rozroblyaye-mul-typalyvnyy- dvyhun.
12. Boichenko, S.V., Pavlyukh, L.I., Shkilnyuk, I.O. (2019). Analiz ekolohichnykh vlastyvostey komponentiv tradytsiynykh alʹternatyvnykh aviatsiynykh benzyniv [Analysis of ecological properties of components of traditional alternative aviation gasoline]. Science-based technologies, 2(42), 195–206. https://doi.org/10.18372/2310-5461.42.13752. (in Ukr.)
13. Milotsky, V.V., Ganza, S.N. (2016). Sposib pidvyshchennya oktanovoho chysla hazokondensatnykh i naftovykh pryamohonnykh benzyniv [Method of increasing octane number of gas condensate and oil straight gasoline]. Journal of the Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University, 14(203), 85–88. (in Ukr.)
14. Boichenko, S.V., Boichenko, M.S., Lymachenko, O.G., Kaban, S.M. (2015). Vplyv dobavok alifatychnykh spyrtiv na vlastyvosti benzyniv: analitychnyy ohlyad [Influence of aliphatic alcohol additives on gasoline properties: analytical]. Science-based technologies, 1(25), 86-92. (in Ukr.)
15. Drozdnik, I.D., Miroshnichenko, D.V., Shmeltser, E.O., Kormer, M.V., Pyshyev, S.V. Investigation of possible losses of coal raw materials during its technological preparation for coking Message 2. The actual mass variation of coal in the process of its storage and crushing. Petroleum and Coal. 2019. Vol. 61, P 631–637.
16. Kolisnyk, M. Bioetanol: palyvo, syrovyna, ekolohichna ta prodovolʹcha bezpeka [Bioethanol: fuel, raw material, environmental and food safety] (21.06.2023). URL: https://epravda.com.ua/columns/2023/06/21/701427/. (in Ukr.)
17. Boychenko, S., Laneckiy, V., Chernyak, L., Radomska, M., Kondakova, O. Doslidzhennya vplyvu kavitatsiynoyi obrobky na oktanove chyslo benzynu [Research of cavitation influence on automobile gasoline octane number]. Power engineering: economics, technique, ecology. 2017. № 2. С. 107–114.
18. Tselishchev, O.B., Loriya, M.G., Zakharov I.I. (2011). Analiz fizyko-khimichnykh metodiv otrymannya hidroksylʹnoho radykala [Analysis of physicochemical methods of obtaining hydro-strong radical]. Bulletin of the National Technical University "KhPI", 65. 111-124. (in Ukr.)
19. Bray, V.V., Shchutsky, I.V. (2016). Bioethanol in Ukraine. Bulletin of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 6, 71-76. https://doi.org/10.15407/visn2016.06.071. (in Ukr.)
20. Tselishchev, O., Ijagbuji, A., Loriia,, M., Nosach V. Synthesis of methanol from methane in cavitation field. Chemistry and chemical technology. 2018. Vol. 12. № 1. Р. 69–73. https://doi.org/10.23939/chcht12.01.069.
21. Tselischev, O.B., Loriya, M.G., Nosakh, V.A. (2016). Doslidzhennya kavitatsiynoho sposobu peretvorennya motornykh palyv [Investigation of the cavitation method of conversion of motor fuels]. Technological audit and production reserves, 4(4), 26-32. (in Ukr.)
22. Tselishchev, O.B, Loriya, M.G. (2017). Doslidzhennia kavitatsiinoi obrobky motornykh palyv [Research on cavitation treatment of motor fuels]. In S. V. Boichenko (Ed.), Problemy khimotolohii. Teoriia ta praktyka ratsionalnoho vykorystannia tradytsiinykh i alternatyvnykh palyvno- mastylnykh materialiv [Research of cavitation processing of motor fuels. Problems of chemotology. The theory and practice of rational use of traditional and alternative fuels and lubricants]: Monohrafii. Kyiv: Tsentr navchalnoi literatury, 29–32.
23. Tselishchev, O.B, Loriya, M.G., Boichenko, S.V., Yelisieiev, P.I., Matvieieva, I.V. (2018). Doslidzhennya vplyvu peroksydu vodnyu na peretvorennya vuhlevodniv v kavitatsiynomu reaktori [Investigation of the influence of hydrogen peroxide on the transformation of hydrocarbons in a cavitation reactor]. Questions of chemistry and chemical technology, 6, 148- 158. https://doi.org/10.32434/0321-4095-2018-121-6-148-158. (in Ukr.)
24. Pyshyev, S., Prysiazhnyi, Y., Shved, M., Kułażyński, M., Miroshnichenko, D. (2018). Effect of hydrodynamic parameters on the oxidative desulphurisation of low rank coal. International Journal of Coal Science and Technology, 5(2), P 213–229. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40789-018- 0205-6. (in Ukr.)
25. Obodovych, О.М., Tselen, B.Ya., Stepanova, O.Ye., Nedbailo, A.Ye., Bulii, Yu.V. (2024). Tekhnolohiya ta obladnannya dlya oderzhannya universalʹnoho vodovuhilʹnoho palyva [Technology and equipment for obtaining of universal hydrocarbon fuel]. Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, 1, 13–18. https://doi.org/10.33070/etars.l.2024.02. (in Ukr.)
26. ObodovychО., Bulii, Y., Sydorenko, V., Stepanova, O., & Tselen, B. (2025). Vplyv kompleksnoyi hidromekhanichnoyi obrobky na dyspersnistʹ roslynnoyi syrovyny v tekhnolohiyi otrymannya palyvnoho etanolu [Influence of complex hydromechanical treatment on the dispersion of plant raw material in the technology of obtaining fuel ethanol]. Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, 84(3), 129–137. https://doi.org/10.33070/etars.3.2025.10. (in Ukr.)
27. Myronchuk, V., Obodovych, O., Stepanova, O., Gavva, O., Volodin, S., & Tselen, B. (2025). Discrete-pulse energy input method for preretreatment of corn stalk in bioethanol production. Ukrainian Food Journal, 14(2), 342–353. https://doi.org/10.24263/2304-974X-2025-14-2-11.
28. Oleksandr M. Obodovych, Nataliia M. Fialko, Larysa A. Sablii, Olesya Ye. Stepanova, Bogdan Ya. Tselen. (2025). Intensification of hydrolysis of wheat straw polysaccharides with diluted acids due to new heat and mass transfer equipment. Acta Periodica Technologica. 2025. APTEFF, Issue 56, 461–471. https://doi.org/10.2298/APT250708031O.
29. Obodovych, O., Khomenko, V., Sheiko, T., Chernyavskiy, K., & Parchenko, V. (2025). Konversiya lihnotselyuloznoyi biomasy z otrymannyam biopalyva [Conversion of lignocellulous biomass to produce biofuel]. Thermophysics and Thermal Power Engineering, 50(4), 105-116. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31472/ttpe.4.2025.11. (in Ukr.)
30. Obodovych, O., Tselen, B., Ivanytskyi, G., Khomenko, V., & Pereiaslavtsev, O. (2025). Tekhnolohiya ta teplomasoobminne obladnannya dlya kompleksnoyi pererobky buryakovoho zhomu v palyvno-enerhetychni ta pektynovmisni produkty [Тechnology and heat-and-mass transfer equipment for the integrated processing of sugar beet pulp into fuel, energy and pectin- containing products]. Thermophysics and Thermal Power Engineering, 50(4), 38-48. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31472/ttpe.4.2025.4. (in Ukr.)
31. Obodovych, О., Tselen, B., Stepanova, O., Nedbailo, A., & Bulii, Y. (2025). Doslidzhennya reolohichnykh pokaznykiv vodomazutnykh emulʹsiy v zalezhnosti vid tekhnichnykh zasobiv ta tekhnolohichnykh parametriv yikh pryhotuvannya [Research of the rheological indicators of water-oil emulsions depending on the technical equipment and the technological parameters of their preparation]. Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, 83(2), 69–78. https://doi.org/10.33070/etars.2.2025.06. (in Ukr.)
Abstract views: 113 PDF Downloads: 44
Published
2026-06-30
How to Cite
Obodovych, O., Stepanova, O., & Fialko, N. (2026). BIOETHANOL AS A STRATEGICALLY IMPORTANT FACTOR IN ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY OF UKRAINE. Thermophysics and Thermal Power Engineering, 48(2), 69-80. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31472/ttpe.2.2026.7
Section
Articles
If the article is accepted for publication in the journal «Thermophysics and Thermal Power Engineering» the author must sign an agreementon transfer of copyright. The agreement is sent to the postal (original) or e-mail address (scanned copy) of the journal editions.
