LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF THE PRODUCTION OF AVIATION BIOFUEL HEFA FROM CAMELINA FOR CONDITIONS OF UKRAINE
Abstract
The aim of the work is to prepare recommendations for the development of aviation biofuel production from domestic feedstock in Ukraine. Using large volumes of petroleum fuel, global aviation makes a significant contribution to increasing the risks of climate change. The production and consumption of sustainable aviation fuels is one of the measures for decarbonizing transport to mitigate global warming. Before the restrictions related to Covid-19, the global consumption of aviation fuel for jet engines was about 360 billion l/y and, according to experts, may more than double by 2050. If the application of conventional fuel practices is continued along with increasing air traffic, carbon dioxide emissions from global aviation may double by 2050. The International Civil Aviation Organization deals with issues of limiting emissions in the aviation sector. In 2021, it launched the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA). As compared to traditional jet fuel, sustainable aviation fuels allow for a reduction in CO2 emissions of up to 85% or more, which meets the requirements of Directive (EU) 2018/2001 for transport biofuels. Ukraine, as a member of the International Civil Aviation Organization, supports global and European goals for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the aviation sector. In 2021, the State Aviation Service of Ukraine approved an Action Plan for reducing aviation CO2 emissions. This plan envisages the use of sustainable aviation fuels, which include modern biofuels and synthetic fuels, as one of the key measures. Technologies for obtaining aviation biofuels are at various stages of technological readiness. The production of hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids (HEFA) has already reached the commercial level, while the commercialization of other technologies is ongoing. Aviation biofuel HEFA is produced from animal fats, used oils, palm fatty acid distillate, palm oil, maize oil and various oilseeds, such as soybean, rapeseed and Camelina. Most of these crops are grown in Ukraine. The production of domestic aviation biofuel HEFA can be implemented using Camelina seeds as feedstock. The life cycle assessment of HEFA for Ukrainian conditions shows that when introducing this technology, some additional measures are needed to meet the requirements of Directive (EU) 2018/2001 on the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from the production of transport biofuels. Such measures may include the use of digestate from biogas plants instead of nitrogen fertilizers when growing Camelina and the consumption of renewable energy carriers in the HEFA production process. The selection of optimal solutions is the subject of further detailed research and assessment.
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